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FACTS ON NOISE

- Noise pollution

By simple, we can define the noise as an inarticulate sound Confused, more or less strong and always unpleasant for the perceiver. With the development of urban and industrial civilization has gained increasing importance as an air pollutant with clear adverse health effects.

The main sources of noise are:

• housing , appliances, computers, radios and television services Heating ...

• transport (traffic, rail, aircraft), is considered the main source.

• industrial activities , by the machinery they use.

• construction of buildings and civil engineering (jackhammers).

• entertainment such as discotheques and cafes.

The effects of noise are subjective and are dependent on frequency, sound intensity, exposure time, and recipient age.

Among the physiological effects include:

• auditory fatigue, which is an increase in the threshold of audibility, and it appears from 90 dB

• concealment, or a perceived lack of noise, under the influence of another that is superimposed

• professional deafness prolonged exposure to aggressive sounds (from 85 dB )

• acoustic trauma or non-progressive loss of hearing for violent shows sound waves, mainly explosions (140 dB).

Other specific indirect effects on the circulatory system (increased heart rate, increased blood pressure), endocrine (secretion of adrenaline) , gastrointestinal tract (decreased salivation, nausea, vomiting, ulcers ...) and dizziness by alteration of the organ of balance.

As psycho-physiological effects, are headaches, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, neurosis, irritability and stress, poor concentration, reduced performance employment and learning ability, promoting occupational accidents and school failure.

METHODS OF DETERMINATION AND CORRECTION

POLLUTION IN SONORA

Preventive :

• land planning to avoid incompatible activities.
• Urban Planning to isolate the noisy activities.
• urban architecture with the construction of noise barriers and sound insulation of buildings.
• environmental impact studies for planning the ground.
• Establishment of fees, fines and grants for anti-noise works.
• Using silencers on vehicles and machinery
• information and environmental education.

Corrective :

• regulations to regulate noise levels.
• direct actions against the noise source such as geographic isolation, re-alignment of service or activity that does limit the noise by scheduling or power limitations.